GS QUESTION...... Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions?

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Question.. Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions? POINTS -  I. Rigid & flexible feature of constitution  II. Features & nature of amendments of constitution  III. Features of Balance of change & continuity  IV. Conclusion  ANSWER -                  Based upon the provisions made for its amendment, a constitution can be flexible or rigid or a mixture of both. A flexible constitution can be amended by ordinary law-making exercise, while a rigid constitution can be amended by a very difficult and special procedure. As regards to Indian constitution, it strikes a balance between rigidi...
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PSIR QUESTION 3..The perfect Guardian must be a philosopher” (Plato).

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Q3..“ The perfect Guardian must be a philosopher” (Plato).



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Answer:
Plato has been regarded as the founder of philosophical idealism by virtue of his attempt to formulate and define political ideas within the large framework of Idea of “good” or “ideal”. His main purpose was to make Athens an “Ideal State”.

The theory of the philosopher Guardian or ruler is the linchpin of Plato’s Ideal State. It was derived from the conviction that the philosopher has the knowledge, intellect and training to govern. He told that the best law and the best constitution come into being only when the supreme power in the man coincides with the greatest wisdom and templates.

Accepting the Socratic idea that “knowledge is virtue”, Plato argued that wrong deeds had their origin in ignorance, whereas knowledge leads to right actions and happiness. A/Q to Plato, a philosopher, by his grace of the idea of good was the best qualified to rule, implying that a philosopher would be able to administer perfect justice and act for the good of the community.

He held that a philosopher King has all the qualities of a ruler such as truthfulness, disposition, reason. He is devoid of emotional ties (Communism of family) and economic consideration (Communism of property). A Philosopher would be public-spirited, honest and wise. The Philosopher ruler is the right person to govern for he would be least enthused about acquiring power for self-arrangements.

Therefore, for Plato, an ideal state ruled by the philosopher ruler in a divine institution perfectly worthy of emulation and imitation. it is in this context, there is no other way to Real happiness, either for society or the individual.

However, despite being described as the most original concept in all the Platonic concepts, the theory of ‘Philosopher king’ has been criticized on several grounds. A/Q to Crosman, Plato remained an Aristocrat, convinced that the peasants, craftsman etc. were incapable of political responsibility. In a broader sense, platonic idea of government by the elite by a few highly trained qualified Experts, runs counter to the spirit of democracy. Karl Popper rejects the conception of despotic rule by specially trained philosopher leading to totalitarianism and unmitigated authoritarianism. In the same line, in the ideal state of Aristotle, there is no place for the Philosopher King for he prefers ‘Rule of Law’ over ‘Rule of Person’.

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