GS QUESTION...... Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions?

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Question.. Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions? POINTS -  I. Rigid & flexible feature of constitution  II. Features & nature of amendments of constitution  III. Features of Balance of change & continuity  IV. Conclusion  ANSWER -                  Based upon the provisions made for its amendment, a constitution can be flexible or rigid or a mixture of both. A flexible constitution can be amended by ordinary law-making exercise, while a rigid constitution can be amended by a very difficult and special procedure. As regards to Indian constitution, it strikes a balance between rigidi...
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PSIR QUESTION 12..12.Write the short note on (a) Greatest happiness of greatest number of Bentham.

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Question.  12.Write the short note on (a) Greatest happiness of greatest number of Bentham.

 Points - 

 1..Give an introduction of Bentham and Utilitarianism
2. You should then explain the purpose of the statement.
3. You must then give the criticism by Socialists

Answer -
• Give an introduction of Bentham and Utilitarianism
Bentham is father of Utilitarianism. The theory of Utilitarianism is based on the psychological and hedonistic theory of “Pleasure and Pain”. According to Bentham, nature has placed mankind under to sovereign masters- pleasures and pain. It is for them alone to point out we ought to do as well as to determine what we shall do.
• You should then explain the purpose of the statement.
The key note to Bentham’s theory of utility is that state is useful only so long as it caters to the “greatest happiness to the greatest number”. He considers it as a yardstick for the state policy. As SABINE has put it, “This principle the utilitarian held to be the only rational guide, both to private morals, and to public policy.”
• You must then give the criticism by Socialists.
Socialists criticised this principle as it gave primacy to happiness over number. It also allows for less state intervention in the economy, as utilitarian believe that gives more scope for happiness. Socialists criticised it as it provides the justification for the capitalists exploiting workers for the sake of their pleasure or profit.
It has resulted into justification of exploit and has been extremely
individualistic and materialistic. Socialists believes that everyone’s happiness should not be counted separately. State is organic whole.





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