GS QUESTION...... Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions?

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Question.. Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions? POINTS -  I. Rigid & flexible feature of constitution  II. Features & nature of amendments of constitution  III. Features of Balance of change & continuity  IV. Conclusion  ANSWER -                  Based upon the provisions made for its amendment, a constitution can be flexible or rigid or a mixture of both. A flexible constitution can be amended by ordinary law-making exercise, while a rigid constitution can be amended by a very difficult and special procedure. As regards to Indian constitution, it strikes a balance between rigidi...
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PSIR QUESTION 2. It is inequality, that we have seen that is everywhere the cause of revolution. " Explain with the reference to Aristotle's principles of the distributive Justice

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2. "It is inequality, that we have seen that is everywhere the cause of

revolution. " Explain with the reference to Aristotle's principles of the

distributive Justice

Answer points..:
  
·1. You must start by giving the introduction of Aristotle. 
2.You should then give Aristotle's theory of distributive Justice
3.Link all three: His theory of Justice, Equality & revolution together
 4.You must finally state why Aristotle raises this question. 


Answer:
· You must start by giving the introduction of Aristotle.
Aristotle being the greatest disciple of Plato has also dwelled on the idea of
Justice. Both Plato and Aristotle believed that the primary task of the state was to
ensure justice.
· You should then give Aristotle's theory of distributive Justice.
Aristotle has distinguished between distributive and rectificatory justice.
Rectificatory justice comes under the domain of law and courts. But the main
concern of political philosophers has been distributive justice that determines the
allocations of values in a state and deals with policies of who gets `What, When
and How.' Distributive Justice, as per Aristotle, meant that ofces and wealth, rewards and  dues were distributed among diferent social classes according to their
contributions based on merit, defined in accordance with the spirit of the
Constitution. It meant proportional inequality and was linked to a theory of just rewards or equal shares according to the merit of the recipients and one's just
deserts.
· Link all three: His theory of Justice, Equality & revolution together.
Aristotle regarded equality as crucial to Social Justice, and Justice as central to
equality. Inequality for Aristotle arose when equals were treated unequally and
unequal equally.
Application of this theory can also be seen in the theory of slavery. It would be
unjust if treat the masters having reason and courage and slaves lacking it, as
equals.
However, according to Aristotle, any disturbance in proportionate equality causes  revolt. Aristotle has done an exhaustive study of revolutions and found that the
commonest cause is feeling of inequality. According to him, Inequality is generally
at the bottom of internal warfare in states.
· You must finally state why Aristotle raises this question.
Aristotle being a functionalist is concerned about the stability of the political
system. It is in the context that he stresses on his idea distributive justice to
prevent the feeling of inequality breeding in the society which further leads to
resentment against the state and ultimately causes revolution.

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