GS QUESTION...... Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions?

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Question.. Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions? POINTS -  I. Rigid & flexible feature of constitution  II. Features & nature of amendments of constitution  III. Features of Balance of change & continuity  IV. Conclusion  ANSWER -                  Based upon the provisions made for its amendment, a constitution can be flexible or rigid or a mixture of both. A flexible constitution can be amended by ordinary law-making exercise, while a rigid constitution can be amended by a very difficult and special procedure. As regards to Indian constitution, it strikes a balance between rigidi...
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PSIR QUESTION 15..Compare Ambedkar and Gandhi’s views on social justice.

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Q 15. Compare Ambedkar and Gandhi’s views on social justice.

 Points - 

  1. Start the answer by explaining Social Justice and give brief introduction of Ambedkar and Gandhi
  2. Give differences between their views
  3. Give similarities between their views


Answer -
Start the answer by explaining Social Justice and give brief introduction of Ambedkar and Gandhi Justice is a architonic idea and a fundamental concept in Political Theory. Social justice is the fair and just relation between the individual and society. It has often referred to the process of ensuring that individuals fulfill their societal roles and receive what was their due from society.
The way Bhikhu Parekh calls Buddhism as rebel child of Hinduism, Ambedkar can also be symbolized as rebel child of Gandhi who had host of similarities and differences in their views on Social Justice.
Give differences between their views Ambedkar was critic of Manuvaad, and he believed Varna system led by Brahmanism responsible for injustice prevalent in society, Gandhi was deeply religious person and didn’t condemn Varna system for injustice, rather he justified it for functional specialization it promoted .
Ambedkar called for annihilation of caste to the extent he talked about putting dynamite on Vedas & Manusmriti, Gandhi didn’t believe in such arguments responsible for prevalent injustice.
Ambedkar said that to overcome such Social injustice the necessary step is affirmative action and henceforth proposed Hindu Code Bill apart from being major force behind Art 29, 30. Gandhi's method of social reform was relying on individual initiative and raising the conscience of person to achieve desirable societal change.
Ambedkar felt that the only way to remove untouchability is to leave Hinduism which he ultimately did, whereas Gandhi was opposed to such conversion.
Ambedkar consider Social unity and Social Justice as necessity for emergence of nationalism, Gandhi’s priority was nationalism led freedom struggle along with Social Justice.
Give similarities between their views However, both Ambedkar and Gandhi were reformist and had common vision of dignified life and upliftment of downtrodden.
Both wanted exploitation free society as Gandhian Ramrajya was based on oceanic circle of power, whereas Ambedkar was based on society free from contradictions.
Both didn’t believe in violent methods for achieving social justice which they considered as foundation stone for ideal society.
Conclude on following lines Ambedkar was one of the biggest critic of Gandhi, and while being the Chairman of Drafting Committee his ideas of affirmative action for Social Justice were incorporated in Constitution of India in Article 15, 16, Directive Principles of State Policy, etc.

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