Question.. Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions? POINTS - I. Rigid & flexible feature of constitution II. Features & nature of amendments of constitution III. Features of Balance of change & continuity IV. Conclusion ANSWER - Based upon the provisions made for its amendment, a constitution can be flexible or rigid or a mixture of both. A flexible constitution can be amended by ordinary law-making exercise, while a rigid constitution can be amended by a very difficult and special procedure. As regards to Indian constitution, it strikes a balance between rigidi...
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PSIR QUESTION.. 16 .. ... What are the chief components of Radical Humanism? What is the relevance of Radical Humanist thought in the age of globalisation?
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Today's question ...16. What are the chief components of Radical Humanism? What is the relevance of Radical Humanist thought in the age of globalisation? Points -
Start with introduction of MN Roy and briefly define his idea
Explain Radical Humanism and its components
Tell the relevance of Radical Humanist thought in age of globalization
Give conclusion
Answer -
●Start with introduction of MN Roy and briefly define his idea Radical Humanism or New Humanism was a philosophy of MN Roy which enunciates the supremacy of the eternal urge of freedom where the philosophy aims at truly liberating the man and keeping him at centre of the radical state or a state which is free from any other identity. MN Roy’s idea of Radical Humanism emerges out of Renaissance philosophy of Humanism which advocated individualistic approach to moral problems.
●Explain Radical Humanism and its components Radical Humanism is cosmopolitan in outlook. Like Gandhi, Aurobindo, Tagore, Roy is also a believer in the cooperative fellowship of man. A confraternity of morally and spiritually liberated individuals who are free from the chains of caste, religion, nation, and creed are the fundamental requirement for the realization of a better society and freerworld. Hence, in place of nationalism, world brotherhood is needed. Roy gave three components of Radical Humanism namely Freedom, Morality and Reason.
Freedom is from fears or insecurities as his understanding of freedom is existentialistic, or freedom from necessities, freedom from State, superstitions, God, etc.
Morality as advocated by Roy is secular, as he felt that whatever man found relevant for survival became moral value of society. Hence, morality is human creation and we can build those norms by our own reasons which are conducive for our freedom.
Reason refers to struggle for survival at mental level which leads to result. Human beings are diverse, but unifying aspect amongst them is reason. All humans are rational, but at times some may appear irrational and hence, reason can be unifying force to build new world order.
●Tell the relevance of Radical Humanist thought in age of globalization In the age of Globalization where Anthony Giddens call it compression of time and space, and emergence of extensive relations amongst men, Radical Humanism looms larger than ever. The cosmopolitan world which Roy talks about is in making when 21st century watches the emergence of global NGOs, Multinational Cooperation’s, growth of global civil society, trans-national linkages between nations, Cobweb model and International issues becoming common arena of discussion among nations, depict the glimpse of Roy’s Cosmopolitan world order.
●Conclude on following lines However, Roy’s Radical Humanism liberates the man spiritually and breaks national and International barriers. Globalization has also seen coming up of inequalities, Neocolonialism, race to the bottom and recently seen discontent in both Western & NonWestern world which were unlike the ideal world order Roy talks about. It emphasizes the need of new order of Globalization based on dialogue, dignity, reason for the humanist world order to come into existence.
Q .4. ‘Aristotle is a status quoist’. In the light of this statement, examine Aristotle's view on revolution Answer: In the history of Western political tradition, both Plato and Aristotle enjoy a pre-eminent position as the great Masters. while Plato was an idealist and a radical, Aristotle is a realist and a moderate. Aristotle has been regarded as the father of Political Science as he was the first to analyse, critically and systematically, the subject matter of politics and identified its core elements such as Sovereignty of law, constitutionalism, faith in moderation, proportionate equality, and causes and remedies of revolution. As instability and transformation has been the most characteristic feature of Greek Political life, Aristotle has examined the cause for instability, change and revolution, and prescribed remedies against unnecessary and incessant change. For Aristotle, Revolution meant any change in the political system such as change from a moderate to an ext...
question 14..Compare Kautilya with Machiavelli. Should Kautilya be called as Indian Machiavelli? Points 1.Give a brief introduction of Kautilya & Machiavell 2.Give similarities between Kautilya and Machiavelli 3.Give differences between Kautilya and Machiavelli 4.Tell whether Kautilya should be called Indian Machiavelli & conclude Answer - Give a brief introduction of Kautilya & Machiavelli There are two names celebrated in history for an exposition of the theory of StatecraftKautilya and Machiavelli. Kautilya, a teacher of political morals is a contemporary and guide of Chandragupta Maurya and is the author of Arthashastra which deals with all the doctrines concerned with practical life, economics, administration and politics. Machiavelli who was the first to sense the upheaval of Renaissance is the author of “Prince” treats mainly of statecraft and lays down conditions that are necessary for the establishment and operation of machinery of a stron...
Question.. Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions? POINTS - I. Rigid & flexible feature of constitution II. Features & nature of amendments of constitution III. Features of Balance of change & continuity IV. Conclusion ANSWER - Based upon the provisions made for its amendment, a constitution can be flexible or rigid or a mixture of both. A flexible constitution can be amended by ordinary law-making exercise, while a rigid constitution can be amended by a very difficult and special procedure. As regards to Indian constitution, it strikes a balance between rigidi...
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