GS QUESTION...... Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions?

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Question.. Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions? POINTS -  I. Rigid & flexible feature of constitution  II. Features & nature of amendments of constitution  III. Features of Balance of change & continuity  IV. Conclusion  ANSWER -                  Based upon the provisions made for its amendment, a constitution can be flexible or rigid or a mixture of both. A flexible constitution can be amended by ordinary law-making exercise, while a rigid constitution can be amended by a very difficult and special procedure. As regards to Indian constitution, it strikes a balance between rigidi...
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PSIR QUESTION 17. Compare Buddhist tradition of political philosophy with Hindu tradition.

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Q. Compare Buddhist tradition of political philosophy with Hindu tradition.

 Points -

  1. Start by giving brief introduction on both traditions
  2. Give differences between both
  3. Give similarities between both
  4. Conclusion 

Answer -
●Start by giving brief introduction on both traditions According to Bhikhu Parekh, Buddhism was a rebel child of Hinduism with host of similarities amongst plethora of differences especially in foreign and State policies. It can be said that Hindu tradition of political thought met its most radical critique at the hands of Buddhism.
●Give differences between both Hinduism believes in four goals of life- Dharma, Artha, Kaam, Moksha and don’t reject materialism, whereas Buddhism initially talked about leaving worldly pleasures though later on adapted middle path.
Hinduism believes in caste based society or Varna system with functional specialization supporting monarchy, whereas Buddhism is egalitarian in nature and supports republican model and emphasises on rational discourse as the way of accepting principles.
Hinduism called State as contract between human and God, whereas Buddhism called State as contract between humans and humans.
Hinduism glorifies war and supports acquisition of land, whereas Buddhism is against war and supports winning of heart.
Hinduism is largely realist in approach whereas principles of Buddhism are idealist.
Hinduism talks about danda, spies, brutal punishment unlike Buddhism which believes in peace, toleration.
●Give similarities between both The Buddhist challenge did not, however, lead to a radical reformulation of the Hindu tradition of political thought. It continued to share such basic Hindu beliefs like life is full of sorrow, desires are bad, philosophy of Karma, and the ruler must maintain Dharma.
Buddhist tradition of political philosophy also believed in “Chakravarti” or world monarch where persists Dharmachakra, with the difference that power and authority of Brahmans was merely replaced by Khastriya.
●Conclude on following lines Despite Buddhist political philosophy not involving a radical break, it did challenge some Hindu beliefs to which Hindu writers typically responded by accepting some and ignoring some. Buddhist ideology is still portrayed in Hindu dominated country when analyzing some core principles of Indian foreign policy like Non-Aggression, pacific settlement of disputes, toleration, world peace and Buddhism remains the source of Indian national symbols.


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