GS QUESTION...... Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions?

Question.. Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions? POINTS -  I. Rigid & flexible feature of constitution  II. Features & nature of amendments of constitution  III. Features of Balance of change & continuity  IV. Conclusion  ANSWER -                  Based upon the provisions made for its amendment, a constitution can be flexible or rigid or a mixture of both. A flexible constitution can be amended by ordinary law-making exercise, while a rigid constitution can be amended by a very difficult and special procedure. As regards to Indian constitution, it strikes a balance between rigidi...

PSIR QUESTION...... 23. Write short note on over developed state.

Today's question.. Write short note on over developed state.

Points 

  1. Define State and give Alavi’s definition of over-developed State
  2. Elaborate on over-developed State
  3. Give conclusion


Answer 

●Define State and give Alavi’s definition of over-developed State
Concept of State comprises the core of Political thought. Political thought has been defined as “thought about the State, its structure, its nature, and its purpose”. Hamza Alavi by the theory of over-developed state, gives an account of the vacuum that is present in between the state and society with regards to modernity. There exists a structural mismatch exists between the 'political' and 'social' evolution in post-colonial societies.
●Elaborate on over-developed State Alavi, a Pakistani sociologist applied his Structuralist approach regarding dominance of State in South Asian countries, and talked about the State in 3rd world countries which developed faster than their societies. Their societies remained traditional, while the state became modern or overdeveloped which was unlike seen in West. He further gave the reason for the mismatch by relating it to colonial legacy. Alavi described colonial countries as Bonapartist state, where real power exists with political executive. Since the colonial powers had to protect their colonies and maintain law and order, they established a police state and bureaucracy gained power. When states gained independence, they continued the laws and policies of their masters.They continued the police state on the grounds of protecting their territorial integrity amidst rising secessionist movements which gave legitimacy to their actions.They created this new equilibrium by becoming peace maker and maintained "Homeostasis". Thus the prevailing social and economic conditions of third world societies and their colonial history gave rise to a
different type of political structure distinct from the West which Alavi defined as "Overdeveloped State"
●Conclude on following lines In contemporary times, such “military-bureaucratic oligarchy” persists and various dictatorships
in third world countries reflect the concept of “over-developed state”, and despite tall claims of “Rolling Back of the State” by Neo-liberals, functioning of states prove otherwise.

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