GS QUESTION...... Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions?

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Question.. Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions? POINTS -  I. Rigid & flexible feature of constitution  II. Features & nature of amendments of constitution  III. Features of Balance of change & continuity  IV. Conclusion  ANSWER -                  Based upon the provisions made for its amendment, a constitution can be flexible or rigid or a mixture of both. A flexible constitution can be amended by ordinary law-making exercise, while a rigid constitution can be amended by a very difficult and special procedure. As regards to Indian constitution, it strikes a balance between rigidi...
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PSIR QUESTION... 28. Discuss the progress towards the improvement of status of woman since the adoption of Beijing action plan.

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today's question..... Discuss the progress towards the improvement of status of woman since the adoption of Beijing action plan.

 Points - 

  1. Describe Beijing Action Plan
  2. Discuss the progress happened over the years
  3. Give conclusion

Answer -

●Describe Beijing Action Plan “Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action” was a resolution adopted by the UN at the end of the
Fourth World Conference on Women on 15 September 1995. The resolution adopted to promulgate a set of principles concerning the equality of men and women.
●Discuss the progress happened over the years In 2015, Beijing + 20 review meeting was held in New York to review the 20 years implementation at National and regional level and to decide Post-2015 action for gender equality. The progress as discussed in the meeting was mixed with several positives with hosts of concerns remaining. Many women survive on less than $2 a day and the problem of feminization of poverty is still persistent. At primary school, girl-students have increased but there are increased drop-outs and it is needed to ensure that they continue till high-school and gradually receive vocational training. Only then, education will improve economic conditions of women.
Migrant women are not given basic labour rights such as union-formation and collective bargaining. There are also rising cases of HIV in females. The police and judicial officers still behave with genderstereotype mindset as patriarchy runs deep in society. Maternal Mortality ratio has declined in Asia, female life expectancy has improved. But challenges still remain like shortage of birth attendants, family planning, unsafe abortions, etc.
●Conclude on following lines Further steps are needed to improve status of women like Governments should help NGOs and grassroot organizations working for women rights. Age appropriate sex-education is necessary and there is need to improve gender-budgeting mechanism to stop duplication of schemes and ensure accountability on money spent as Gender equality is prerequisite to sustainable Development.

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