GS QUESTION...... Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions?

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Question.. Substantiate, with examples, the view that the Indian Constitution is a hallmark of rigid and flexible constitution. How has this rigidity and flexibility helped the Indian Constitution for more than seven decades, while many other decolonised countries have either replaced or subverted their respective constitutions? POINTS -  I. Rigid & flexible feature of constitution  II. Features & nature of amendments of constitution  III. Features of Balance of change & continuity  IV. Conclusion  ANSWER -                  Based upon the provisions made for its amendment, a constitution can be flexible or rigid or a mixture of both. A flexible constitution can be amended by ordinary law-making exercise, while a rigid constitution can be amended by a very difficult and special procedure. As regards to Indian constitution, it strikes a balance between rigidi...
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PSIR QUESTION.. 29. Critically examine the justification of democratic peace theory. Give suggestion to make world order more democratic.

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Today's question....Critically examine the justification of democratic peace theory. Give suggestion to make world order more democratic.
Points - 

  1. Briefly explain democratic peace theory
  2. Give points both in favor & against the theory
  3. Give suggestions to make world order more democratic
  4. Give conclusion.


Answer -

Briefly explain democratic peace theory Democratic peace theory pioneered by US Scholar Michael Doyle is a theory which posits that democracies are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with other identified democracies. In contrast to theories explaining war engagement, it is a "theory of peace" outlining motives that dissuade statesponsored violence.
Give points both in favor & against the theory Study by J.L. Ray found that democracies are more likely to ally with one another than with other states,
forming alliances which are likely to last longer than alliances involving non-democracies. Spencer R. Weart says that democracies conduct diplomacy differently and in a more conciliatory way compared to non-democracies
Schwartz & Skinner however argued that there have been as many wars between democracies as one would expect between any other couple of states. Some call the theory to be formulated for giving legitimacy to Bush Doctrine of democracy at gunpoint. Some authors criticize the definition of democracy by arguing that states continually reinterpret other states' regime types as a consequence of their own objective interests and motives, such as economic and security concerns. Most studies treat the complex concept of "democracy" is a bivariate variable rather than attempting to dimensionalize the concept. Studies also fail to take into account the fact that there are dozens of types of democracy, so the results are meaningless unless articulated to a particular type of democracy or claimed to be true for all types, such as consociational or economic democracy, with disparate datasets.
Give suggestions to make world order more democratic David Held gave an elaborate analysis on how to make the world order more democratic where he suggests democratization of UN Security Council, World Bank, IMF, etc. Establish more Regional Parliaments and introduce referendum to resolve deadlocks. There should be global consensus on necessity of Freedom of speech, press, internet, social media, etc. Strengthening of grass-root democracy in newly independent countries and strengthening of national along with International Judiciary are some of the steps to make the world order more democratic.
Conclude on following lines Like most concepts of Political Science, Democratic Peace theory is also largely contested and there exists significant debate over whether the lack of any major European general wars since 1945, is due to cooperation and integration of liberal-democratic states or an enforced peace due to intervention of the Soviet Union and the United States or a combination of both.

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